Silva et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative
Endometriosis also have pelvic
Silva et al. BMC Complementary and Option Medicine 2013, 13:107 http://www.biomedcentral/1472-6882/13/RESEARCH ARTICLEOpen AccessAnti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Cocos nucifera var. typicaRafaela Ribeiro Silva1, Davi Oliveira e Silva1, Humberto Rollemberg Fontes3, Celuta Sales Alviano1, Patricia Dias Fernandes2* and Daniela Sales AlvianoAbstractBackground: Teas from the husk fiber of Cocos nucifera are utilized within the folk medicine to treat arthritis and also other inflammatory processes. Some performs show that some varieties have biological activities. Nonetheless, one of many most important selection from the species, C. nucifera var. typica, identified in Brazil as “gigante”, was not studied however. As a result, this study evaluates if this assortment has the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities already reported in other varieties. Methods: C. nucifera aqueous crude extract (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) and also the reference drugs morphine (1 mg/kg) and acetylsalicylic acid (one hundred mg/kg) had been evaluated in models of inflammation (formalin-induced licking and subcutaneous air pouch). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) photometric assay and compared with these of the standards (quercetin, rutin, and ascorbic acid). The extract was also screened against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), in the agar diffusion technique. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) had been determined by the broth micro-dilution assay. Activities of combinations on the extract and antibiotics (methicillin or vancomycin) against MRSA have been evaluated working with checkerboard assays. Outcomes: The extract substantially inhibited the time that the animals spent licking the formalin-injected paws (second phase). The extract also inhibited the inflammatory procedure induced by subcutaneous carrageenan injection by decreasing cell migration, protein extravasation, and TNF- production. Furthermore, the extract showed an antioxidant possible in vitro as very good as standards in their antioxidant activity.Stafia-1 Epigenetic Reader Domain The extract was active only against S. aureus and MRSA. MIC and also the bactericidal concentrations have been identical (1,024 g/ml). The extract and methicillin acted synergistically against the clinical MRSA isolate, whereas an indifferent impact was detected when the extract was combined with vancomycin. Conclusions: The extract exhibits anti-inflammatory activity via the inhibition of the cell migration. The mixture of extract constituents and methicillin could bring about the improvement of a new mixture antibiotic against MRSA infections.Amphotericin B methyl ester Anti-infection Keyword phrases: Cocos nucifera, Anti-inflammatory activity, Antioxidant activity, Antimicrobial activityBackground The varieties of Cocos nucifera are discovered all more than the tropical regions.PMID:23546012 In Brazil, there are actually unique varieties like the “gigante” [1]. The aqueous crude extract of husk fiber from C. nucifera is extensively employed in northeastern Brazilian standard medicine to treat diarrhea and arthritis [2]. During the previous years, it has been shown that the “comum”* Correspondence: [email protected] 2 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ci cias Biom icas, Laborat io de Farmacologia da Dor e da Inflama o, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Full list of author info is offered at the end from the articleC. nucifera has antibacterial, antiviral [2], an.
